There is not much that is more frustrating than watching someone you love struggle with an abusive relationship. It seems so clear from the outside — Just leave him! Just dump her! For heaven’s sake, what would you lose?!
But the answers are not that simple. And to help someone truly break free — or more accurately, to support an environment that can facilitate someone breaking free — you have to be aware of the subtler details that lie beneath the ground of the relationship.
To help provide a framework for this kind of understanding, I would like to suggest The Stabby-Knives Theory of Abuse Escape. This theory might break open some of the mystery of why people stay, and how you can support the idea of leaving.
Everything Hurts
The first truth to understand in the SKTAE is that for the person in an abusive relationship, everything hurts. Everything in the person’s daily life is a stabby knife. The morning alarm (after being kept up half the night with circular arguments), the mirror (who is that exhausted, sad hag?), the sneer and critique of the partner, traffic, the hunger from not quite enough lunch, the guilt for spending money to buy food, the worry about the kids, the house, the dog, the car that is groaning and squeaking. The worry about money. Fears about safety creeping in sometimes. Quickly pushed away, then they creep in again as the news is full, daily, of stories of ex-partners who go crazy and kill. The stories of the kids who are left behind.
Even when abuse isn’t overtly physical or acute, or when it isn’t bad enough to push the abuse target above the veil so they can really see it, everything still hurts. It’s just a low-grade pain that is hard to detect. Before Jabberwocky got violent, he was just plain mean for a while. I chalked it up to depression at the time, but just for kicks one time I tallied up his criticisms of me in a 20-minute period during which I was packing my things and trying to get out of the house to do some grading. I couldn’t grade effectively at home during the waking hours because the kids would come to me for help even if he was “watching” them, and he required my attention on an as-needed basis as well, sometimes perching himself like a parrot on the corner of my desk as I sat, an hour and fifteen minutes before my midnight deadline, trying to talk to me, asking every five minutes when I would be done, making me report how many papers were left, how many minutes per paper, and whether I was maintaining a consistent rate of grading, when I would be free to sit beside him while he watched Vietnam War movies. I would often lie beside him until I could tell he fell asleep, then slowly and quietly inch my way out of bed to the computer to finish grading.
You never have time for me, he said.
As I packed up my laptop and notebooks that one day, I counted seven critiques in 20 minutes. One every three minutes. And that was just for that stretch of time when I was choosing to be conscious of it. I shrugged off and curled up against dozens and hundreds more criticisms at all hours. A long and positive day of nothing but sunshiney interaction would turn to garbage when he asked me for a backrub at 11:45pm and I was too tired to oblige. Suddenly I didn’t care for him at all, didn’t do anything for him ever, and was ungrateful for the paycheck he brought into the house. And this was long before I ever considered it abuse.
Everything hurts. The good things, if they exist, are small and finite, and more often than not, have to be hidden in some way so as not to excite suspicion or attention. An extra piece of cake. A favorite movie. A friendship. Relationships become fraught because of how preachy lucky people with good partners are, how little they understand what it is like to be ugly and lonely inside of a marriage.
Too often, very well-meaning friends can become yet another stabby knife, aimed right at the tender flesh of the abuse-target friend. The stabby knives of daily life already hurt, and critique from a friend insisting that they leave the relationship just becomes one more in a sea of angry metal points, ready to draw blood. They become indistinguishable. Pain is pain, and not-enough-ness is the same whether it’s inspired by the abusive partner, the weather, the passage of time, or the friend ready to lay down the ultimatum: You have to leave him. What are you doing.
The Obvious
Sometimes when we’re looking at a friend’s life, we only see the obvious stabby knives. The mean husband, the lazy boyfriend, the cheating wife. The mean comments, the siphoned dollars, the DUIs. Those would stab, yes, and they would hurt. But we see to the other side of the pain so quickly that we skip over the hidden knives. These are the weapons aimed at the abuse target that genuinely make it hard to leave, or even to see the situation for what it is at all.
Underground Pain
The critical facts of an abuse target’s life when it is time to make a decision about leaving are the blades under the surface: the underground pain.
For example, if the target leaves, they may lose the following:
- Money – Not just the partner’s but their own as well. Joint accounts, joint bills, joint debts. A wild and reckless partner can tie a person’s finances up and make everything seem hopeless, without even doing anything illegal.
- Security – A jilted abuser can and often does become violent, start stalking, or even kill a partner. Having to go to bed every night not knowing if someone is out in the world literally planning to kill you is not part of good sleep hygiene. Getting a dog or a gun doesn’t fix this; it’s a feeling of being hunted at all times. It’s very real, and it isn’t irrational. The first three weeks after leaving an abuser are the most dangerous, and the time during which a target is most likely to die.
- Dignity and Pride – No one wants to be a public failure. Walking away from a long-term relationship or a marriage is very humbling, at a time when the target is already drastically humbled. This is made worse when the words of friends echo in the target’s ears: She was never good enough for you. You’re better off without him. To the abuse target, for whom everything already hurts, this sounds like “I always knew he was bad. I’m smarter than you. You’re dumb. You did this to yourself. Everybody knew but you.” The chance of sidestepping that “told you so” moment is enough to propel a person back into their abuser’s arms to try for success again just one more time.
- Investment – Time, money, energy. Youth. All these things will bring a zero percent return if the target walks away. Often even a negative return. But the target thinks if they just hold on for another season, the creaky old house of this marriage will not be underwater anymore… I’ll get my equity, finally. It seems foolish to walk away when the stock is priced so low. Hang onto it. Wait for it to appreciate. It has to. It has to. It won’t, of course, but imagine what you would feel like if you had bought a bunch of stock and then your broker told you to sell it all as soon as the value of every share fell to less than half what you paid. It would seem like the stock was worthless, but it represents all of the money that you invested, so you would be likely to try to hold onto it. This is the abusive relationship. They nearly always start out really positive, so giving up on that advertisement for the future seems shortsighted and foolish, rather than the right thing to do.
Bargaining Chips
These secret stabby knives round out the SKTAE because they — and their flip sides — are the means through which the abuser maintains control. By creating a landscape in which nothing ever goes right for the target, through sabotage, abuse by proxy, exhausting the target until s/he has no energy to push back, or keeping the target so busy there is no time to think, the abuser creates an entire life in which there are only grey clouds. Nothing but stabby knives. Then, the abuser can swoop in and offer a tiny ray of hope.
For example, if money is one of the secret stabby knives, the abuser may bring home a raise and promise the target something they would love: Now we can finally afford a babysitter for a few hours in the afternoon. You can get some writing done, or run errands on your own. You deserve to take a rest. Suddenly, even though the abuser is the reason why the target is exhausted and at their wit’s end, the abuser is also holding out this golden prize. Something good. The only thing that doesn’t stab, in the whole over-sharpened landscape. A break. I’ll finally get a break. How could an emotionally, spiritually, and physically exhausted person resist this One Good Thing? How could someone who hasn’t eaten in weeks resist a freshly cooked hot meal? Never mind at that point who caused the starvation. The brain has pared itself down to the basics: Get food.
Get love.
It’s the same thing.
So Now What?
Knowing this, what difference does it make? A bit. Sometimes.
If you can identify what your love one’s hidden stabby knives are, you can help them combat those, and thereby also weaken the appeal of the abuser’s faux solutions when they are offered to the target as intermittent rewards to maintain loyalty. This is key.
For example, if the target is afraid about the legal process, openly state that you are available to help them select a lawyer, or just sit with them while they do. Offer use of your computer so their site visits can’t be tracked. Offer a prepaid cash phone for emergencies. Offer babysitting. A place to stay. Dinner every week. Make a blatant and embarrassing declaration: If you leave, I promise you won’t go hungry. I’m here for you. Just say it, and don’t expect them to say anything back, yet.
Most importantly, be something non-stabby in the here and now. There will be plenty of time for the ugliness of reality later. You won’t ever have to say “I told you so” — they will understand when the time is right. For now, it is your job to compete with the faux love bombing that the abuser offers. Love your friend even harder. It is important to say that you don’t have to put yourself out, give actual money, overpromise your time, or harm yourself or overextend yourself at all, but do determine what you can give and offer it freely, whatever it may be. Leave the choice to the target. So much of abuse and the legal process that follows it is about losing agency, over and over in a thousand small and large ways. The final choice to leave abuse should be owned by the target. Otherwise, the pushiness of loving friends and family becomes… just one more stabby knife.
For myself, my biggest stabby knife was money. I was terrified of trying to make the finances work, for a thousand reasons. I was afraid of being forced into dependence. I was terrified of not being able to feed my kids. Car repairs. Apartment deposits. And good god, lawyers.
I had finally looked at the very real possibility that it was time to leave pretty soon, before the holes punched in the wallboard became holes punched in my own self, and the thing that took me from “maybe within the next six months” to “definitely within the next six days” was very simple: an offer of money. No strings attached. I have $x in my savings account, and if it’s ever a difference of that much money that keeps you from leaving, it’s yours. Just say the word.
It was an insanely simple and unthinkably generous offer, and knowing that someone in the world cared about me that much, in my stabby-knife landscape in which I believed that no one cared at all? It made all the difference.